![]() Sometimes, however, forces are balanced, such as a book resting on a table (or a rocket waiting on the launch pad for its liftoff). ![]() Sometimes the forces are imbalanced, which we see as a rocket's acceleration pushes its inert body upward into space. ![]() In other words, rockets are working in a universe of forces. One older English translation of his Latin from 1766's " The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (volume 1) (opens in new tab)" describes that law: "To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction: or the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal, and directed to contrary parts." We often phrase it to say that every action produces an equal and opposite reaction, although that is not exactly how Newton termed it. That's a reference to Isaac Newton's third law of motion. "If you drive enough force out to the bottom of the rocket, the reaction is the rocket's movement in the opposite direction." "The explosion caused by that combustion is going to create very hot gases, which are expelled out the bottom of a rocket," Marion said. The design of the rocket includes a combustion chamber, where the oxidizer and fuel react, and then a nozzle from which the combustion products emerge, she explained. (Image credit: SpaceX) (opens in new tab) It was the third flight for the Falcon 9 booster. ![]() A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launches 60 Starlink internet satellites into space from Pad 39A of NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida on Oct. ![]()
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